环境与发展

为研究泰兴市大气PM2.5污染来源，针对泰兴市2个省控站点周边开展PM2.5手工采样，共获得112个有效样本。分析结果表明：硝酸盐、有机物、硫酸盐、铵盐是泰兴市PM2.5最主要组分，水溶性离子中SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、Cl-、K+占比较高；无机元素中Fe、K、Mg、Zn、Ca、Al贡献较高，表明扬尘、生物质燃烧、机动车和工业排放对泰兴市PM2.5浓度有一定影响。不同点位有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）来源一致性不同，政务中心点位OC以一次排放为主，受周边近距离燃烧源影响较大，羌溪河点位OC以二次源为主。利用正交矩阵模型（PMF）对PM2.5开展源解析发现，泰兴市夏季PM2.5主要来源为二次源（25.9%）、生物质燃烧源（20%）、移动源（18.5%）、扬尘源（11.9%）和燃煤源（8.4%）；冬季PM2.5主要来源为二次源（34%）、移动源（17.7%）、燃煤源（15.1%）、扬尘源（14.1%）和工业源（8.9%）。

In order to identify the main sources of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) in Taixing, a total of 112 ambient samples were collected around two provincial control sites of Taixing.The results showed that nitrate, organic matter,sulfate and ammonium were the most important components of PM2.5 in Taixing City, and SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Cl-and K+accounted for a relatively high proportion of water-soluble ions. The contributions of Fe, K, Mg, Zn, Ca and Al were high among the inorganic elements, indicating that dust, biomass combustion, motor vehicle and industrial emissions had a certain impact on PM2.5 concentration in Taixing City. The sources of OC and EC at different points are different,and OC at the site of Government Affairs Center is mainly primary discharge, which is greatly affected by the surrounding short-distance combustion sources, while OC at the site of Qiangxi River is mainly a secondary source. The source analysis of PM2.5 using PMF showed that the main sources of PM2.5 in Taixing City in summer were secondary sources(25.9%), biomass combustion sources(20%), mobile sources(18.4%), dust sources(11.9%) and coal combustion sources(8.4%). The main sources of PM2.5 in winter were secondary sources(34%), mobile sources(17.7%), coal sources(15.1%), dust sources(14.1%) and industrial sources(8.9%).